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Chittorgarh, also called Chittaur, a symbol of all that was brave, true and noble in the glorious Rajput tradition, was the capital of Mewar under the Rajputs from the 7th century to the 16th century. Chittorgarh is the epitome of Rajput (Indian warrior caste) pride, romance and spirit for people of Chittor always chose death before surrendering against anyone. It reverberates with history of heroism and sacrifice, and that is evident from the tales sung by the bards of Rajasthan till date. History tells us that, Chittorgarh was attacked three times, and on each occasion, the ritual of 'Jauhar', which involved throwing oneself into raging fire or a well, as the case may be, to be spared from humiliation at the hands of the enemy, was performed. The first instance was in 1303, when Allauddin Khilji, Sultan of Delhi, coveted the famous Rajput beauty, Rani Padmini. Padmini led the Jauhar, rather than submit to dishonour. The second instance, was in 1535, when the Sultan of Gujarat attacked Bikramjeet of Chittorgarh. Rani Karnavati led the Jauhar, in which many women and children were killed and finally by the Moghul Emperor Akbar, in 1567, in and attempt to subdue Maharana Udai Singh.
A very well known name in Rajasthan is Chittorgarh. Generally, it is said, "GARH TO CHITTORGARH AUR SAB GARHIYA". Chittorgarh (also Chittor, Chittaur, or Chittaurgarh) is an ancient village in Rajasthan state of western India. It lies on the Berach River, a tributary of the Banas, and is the administrative headquarters of Chittorgharh District and a former capital of the erstwhile kingdom of Mewar History.
Now it comprises 14 Panchayat Samitis, 13 Tehsils and 8 Sub-Divisions. It has 8 Municipalities. Now, it is emerging as a major Industrial and agricultural District having Birla Cements, Adity Birla Cements, J.K. Cements, Rajasthan Atomic Power Plant, Hindustan Zinc Limited (Vedanta Group), Marble Industries and now taking lead in mustard opium and soyabean crops.
History of Chittorgarh in Rajasthan, India
The history of Chittor is one of the most stirring chapters in Indian history for it was there that the flower of Rajput chivalry sprang to life and the immense stretch of its sacred walls and ruined palaces relate the saga of innumerable sieges and heroism which has almost become a myth now.
Chittorgarh was one of the most fiercely contested seats of power in India. With its formidable fortifications, Bappa Rawal, the legendary founder of the Sisodia dynasty, received Chittor in the middle of the eighth century, as part of the last Solanki princess's dowry. It crowns a seven-mile- long hill, covering 700 acres (280 hectares), with its fortifications, temples, towers and palaces.
From the eighth to the 16th century, Bappa Rawal's descendants ruled over an important kingdom called Mewar stretching from Gujarat to Ajmer. But during these eight centuries the seemingly impregnable Chittor was surrounded, overrun, and sacked three times.
In 1303 Allauddin khilji, Sultan of Delhi, intrigued by tales of the matchless beauty of Padmini, Rani of Chittor, of her wit and charm, decided to verify this himself. His armies surrounded Chittor, and the sultan sent a message to Rana Rattan Singh, Padmini's husband, to say that he would spare the city if he could meet its famous queen. The compromise finally reached was that the sultan could look upon Padmini's reflection if he came unarmed into the fort. Accordingly, the sultan went up the hill and glimpsed a reflection of the beautiful Padmini standing by a lotus pool. He thanked his host who courteously escorted Allauddin down to the outer gate-where the sultan's men waited in ambush to take the Rana hostage.
There was consternation in Chittor until Padmini devised a plan. A messenger informed the sultan that the Rani would come to him. Dozens of curtained palanquins set off down the hill, each carried by six humble bearers. Once inside the Sultan's camp, four well-armed Rajput warriors leaped out of each palanquin and each lowly palanquin bearer drew a sword. In the ensuing battle, Rana Rattan Singh was rescued-but 7,000 Rajput warriors died. The sultan now attacked Chittor with renewed vigor. Having lost 7,000 of its best warriors, Chittor could not hold out. Surrender was unthinkable. The Rani and her entire entourage of women, the wives of generals and soldiers, sent their children into hiding with loyal retainers. They then dressed their wedding fine, slid their farewells and singing ancient hymns, boldly entered the Mahal and performed jauhar.
The men, watching with expressionless faces, then donned saffron robes, smeared the holy ashes of their women on their foreheads, flung open the gates of the fort and thundered down the hill into the enemy ranks, to fight to the death. The second sack or shake (sacrifice) of Chittor, by which Rajputs still swear when pledging their word, occurred in 1535, when Sultan Bahadur Shan Of Gujarat attacked the fort.
Rana Kumbha of Chittorgarh in Rajasthan, India
Rana Kumbha (1433-68) was a versatile man a brilliant, poet and musician. He built mewar upto a position of assailable military strength building a chain of thirty forts that girdled the kingdom But, perhaps more important was a patron of the arts to rival Lorenzo de Medici, and he made Chittorgarh a dazzling cultural center whose fame spread right across Hindustan.
Rana Sanga of Chittorgarh in Rajasthan, India
Rana Sanga (reigned 1509-27) was a warrior and a man of great chivalry and honor reign was marked by a series of continual battles, in course of which he is said to have lost one arm and had been crippled in one leg and received eighty-four wounds on his body. The last of his battles was again Mughal invader, Babur, in 1527. Deserted by one ofgenerals, Rana Sanga was wounded in the battle and shortly after.
Maharana Pratap of Chittorgarh in Rajasthan, India
Over the next half-century, most other Rajput rulers allowed themselves to be wooed the Mughals; Mewar alone held out. In 1567 Emperor Akbar decided to teach it a lesson: he attacked Chittorgarh razed it to the ground. Five years later Maharana Pratap (reigned 1572-97) came to rule Mewar - a king without a capital. He continued to defy Akbar, and in 1576, confronted the imperial armies at Haldighati.
The battle ended in a stalemate and Maharana Pratap and his followers withdrew to the craggy hills of Mewar, from where they continued to harrass the Mughals through guerilla warfare for the next twenty years. Maharana Pratap made his descendants vow that they would not sleep on beds, nor live in palaces, nor eat off metal utensils, until Chittorgarh had been regained.In fact, right into the 20th century the maharanas of Mewar continued to place a leaf platter under their regular utensils and a reed mat under their beds in symbolic continuance of this vow.
Rani Padmini of Chittorgarh in Rajasthan, India
In 1303 Allauddin khilji, Sultan of Delhi, intrigued by tales of the matchless beauty of Padmini, Rani of Chittor, of her wit and charm, decided to verify this himself. His armies surrounded Chittor, and the sultan sent a message to Rana Rattan Singh, Padmini's husband, to say that he would spare the city if he could meet its famous queen. The compromise finally reached was that the sultan could look upon Padmini's reflection if he came unarmed into the fort. Accordingly, the sultan went up the hill and glimpsed a reflection of the beautiful Padmini standing by a lotus pool. He thanked his host who courteously escorted Allauddin down to the outer gate-where the sultan's men waited in ambush to take the rana hostage.
There was consternation in Chittor until Padmini devised a plan. A messenger informed the sultan that the rani would come to him. Dozens of curtained palanquins set off down the hill, each carried by six humble bearers. Once inside the Sultan's camp, four well-armed Rajput warriors leaped out of each palanquin and each lowly palanquin bearer drew a sword. In the ensuing battle, Rana Rattan Singh was rescued-but 7,000 Rajput warriors died. The sultan now attacked Chittor with renewed vigor. Having lost 7,000 of its best warriors, Chittor could not hold out. Surrender was unthinkable. The Rani and her entire entourage of women, the wives of generals and soldiers, sent their children into hiding with loyal retainers. They then dressed their wedding fine , slid their farewells, and singing ancient hymns, boldly entered the mahal and performed jauhar.
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Tourist Attractions of Chittorgarh in Rajasthan, India
Chittaur evokes memories of great sacrifice by Rajput men and women in the intermittent battles that they had to fight against invaders from Northwest or Delhi. Though now it can be called a ruined citadel but there is much more to it in this huge fort. The city stands strewn with monuments and battlements as evidence of the blood and gore that it went through in medieval times.
Chittorgarh Fort of Chittorgarh in Rajasthan, India
The fort of Chittor is regarded as one of the most outstanding forts of the country and is indeed the "Pride of Rajasthan State". Chittorgarh is the epitome of Rajput pride, romance and spirit. Chittorgarh Fort is a massive and majestic fort situated on a hilltop near Chittorgarh town in Rajasthan state in India. Chittorgarh Fort is one of the most historically significant forts not only in Rajasthan but whole of North India. Chittorgarh Fort reverberates with history of heroism and sacrifice, which is evident as it echoes with the tales sung by the Bards of Rajasthan. The main reason for visiting Chittorgarh Fort is its massive hilltop fort, which is a depiction of Rajput culture and values. The fort stands on a 240-hectares site on a 180m high hill that rises rapidly from the plains below.
Chittorgarh fort is also called as Water Fort. The fort had 84 water bodies, out of which only about 22 exist today. These include talabs (ponds), kunds (wells), and baories (stepwells). All the talabs have a natural catchment. The kunds and baories are located below the talabs, so that even the seepage from the latter is not lost. The fort spreads over 700 hectares, 40 per cent of which are given over to water bodies. The average reservoir depth is about 2 m. Taken together, this means these reservoirs can store about 4 billion litres of water. In a year of more than normal rainfall (average annual rainfall: 700 mm), enough water would be stored to last the next 12 months. Even after water loss due to seepage and evaporation and other causes, an army of 50,000 could live in the fort for four years without fear of thirst.
The indomitable pride of Chittor, the Chittorgarh Fort of Rajasthan in India is a massive structure with many gateways built by the later Maurya rulers in 7th century A.D. Perched on a 180 m high hill, it sprawls over 700 acres. The chhatris within are impressive reminders of the Rajput heroism. The main gates are Padal Pol, Bhairon Pol, Hanuman Pol and Ram Pol. The Chittorgarh Fort has many magnificent monuments, which are fine examples of the Rajput architecture. The ancient ruins of the Chittorgarh Fort are worth spending few moments in solitude.
The main places of tourist interest around the Chittorgarh Fort of Rajasthan in India are the two towers known as the 'Kirti Stambh' or Tower of Fame and the 'Vijay Stambh' or Tower of Victory. There are several temples, reservoirs and palaces constructed between the 9th and 17th centuries AD. There is a huge complex of Jain temples within the Chittorgarh Fort. A big water reservoir is close to the opening where Rani Padmini and other women are believed to have performed 'jauhar', an act of self-immolations by plunging in a large fire. Water flows out from a rock shaped in the form of cow's mouth and is called 'Gaumukh'. Other tourist spots worth visiting are the Bhimtal Tank, Neelkanth Mahadev Temple, Meera Temple, Kumbha Shyam Temple and Kalika Mata Temple dating back to the 8th century AD.
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Rana Kumbha Palace of Chittorgarh in Rajasthan, India
Rana Kumbha [Maharana Kumbhakarna] was the ruler of Mewar, a state in western India, between AD 1433 and 1468. He was a Rajput belonging to the Sisodia clan. Kumbha was a son of Rana Mokal of Mewar by his wife Sobhagya Devi, a daughter of Jaitmal Sankhla, the Parmara fief-holder of Runkot in the state of Marwar. Rana Kumbha was the vanguard of the fifteenth century Rajput resurgence.
Kumbha is credited with having worked assiduously to build up the state again. Of 84 fortresses that form the defense of Mewar, 32 were erected by Kumbha. Inferior only to Chittor, the chief citadel of Mewar, is the fort of Kumbhalgarh, built by Kumbha. Chittorgarh Fort is the highest fort in Rajasthan (MRL 1075m).
Amongst Rajput rulers, the flowering of arts and culture during Kumbha's reign is exceeded only by Bhoja Parmara. Maharana Kumbha is credited with writing the Samgita-raja, the Rasika-priya commentary on the Gitagovinda, the Sudaprabandha, and the Kamaraja-ratisara. No copies of the Sangita-ratnakara and Sangita-krama-dipaka (two books on music by Rana Kumbha) have survived. During Rana Kumbha's reign, the scholar Atri and his son Mahesa wrote the prashasti of the Chittor Kirti-stambha and Kahana Vyasa wrote the Ekalinga-mahamatya.
Rana Kumbha was the one who officially built Chittor, and his palace is the oldest monument within the fort walls. The palace was built from 1433-68 in plastered stone, and the entrance is through Suraj Pol which directly leads into a courtyard. On the right of Suraj Pol is the Darikhana or Sabha (council chamber) behind which lies a Ganesha temple and the zenana (living quarters for women). A massive water reservoir is located towards the left of Suraj Pol. Ruined houses towards the south of the palace may have been used by lesser nobles, or were probably used by palace attendants. Below the central courtyard is a subterranean chamber where Rani Padmini committed jauhar with the rest of the women of Chittor when Alauddin Khilji besieged the Chittorgarh Fort. But perhaps the most remarkable feature of the palace is its splendid series of canopied balconies. The complex also houses stables for elephant and horses, but is now in ruins.
Fateh Prakash Museum of Chittorgarh in Rajasthan, India
Near Kumbha’s palace is Fateh Prakash, the most modern building in Chittor. Built in the early 20th century, the palace was the home for Maharana Fateh Singh, Chittor’s ruler who died in 1930. A part of the building has now been converted into a museum but the rest of it is closed to visitors.
Timings: The museum is open 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. except on Fridays.
Kunwar Pade ka Mahal of Chittorgarh in Rajasthan, India
Kunwar Pade ka Mahal was the palace of the prince of Chittor, and was built in 1450. Interestingly, this palace incorporates for the first time in Rajput architecture the use of ogee arches. These S-shaped arches later became an essential part of Rajput architecture and were widely used in palaces, step wells and temples. In the prince’s palace can be seen some of the beautiful blue tiles that went into decorating most of the palaces here. Prolific use of the ogee arch can also be seen in Rana Ratan Singh’s palace built from 1527-32. Ratan Singh was Padmini’s husband, and his palace is styled on Rana Kumbha’s royal residence.
Rani Padmini’s Palace of Chittorgarh in Rajasthan, India
Rani Padmini’s Palace is a compact three storeyed white building, but what is seen today is a 19th century reconstruction of the original. The palace is surrounded by water, and the inevitable chhatris (pavilions) crown its roofs. This was perhaps the forerunner of the concept of Jal Mahal (palaces surrounded by water), and it was from here that Akbar carried off huge bronze gates and installed them in Agra. Close by is Bhimlat kund, an artificial tank dedicated to the strongest of the Pandava brother, Bhima. It is built beside the lotus pool with a historical pavilion that changed the history of Chittor. Ala-ud-din saw the reflection of Queen Padmini from here and so mesmerized was he, that the quest of possessing her led to a furious battle which saw the last of Maharana Ratan Singh (husband of Maharani Padmini) and the epitome of beauty-Cleopatra of Rajasthan, became an eternal legend in the history of chittor and also of the Mewar state. The feel still lingers on.
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A thing of beauty is a joy for ever- and now they don't say this for nothing.
Palaces of Jaimal and Patta of Chittorgarh in Rajasthan, India
The palaces of Jaimal and Patta were the last two buildings to be built in Chittorgarh Fort of Rajasthan in India, and calling them palaces is really misleading. Compared to other palaces in Rajasthan, they are small and of not much architectural significance. Both these havelis (houses) are built very frugally, taking into consideration that they were constructed more as simple residences than splendid palaces. Both lie in ruins now, and their facades are minimal and hardly bear any resemblance to the palaces of Rana Kumbha or Padmini.
Towards the south of these two havelies is the three-storeyed tower called Chonda house built in early 15th century, and now in ruins. Chonda was the founder of the Chondawat clan and gave up his throne on the insistence of his father.
Main Gate Ways (POLS) of Chittorgarh in Rajasthan, India
A limestone bridge supported by ten arches across the Gambheri River leads into the Chittorgarh Fort. Nine of these arches are pointed, and by some mishap one was built as a curve. The road to Chittor is arduous and a kilometer long, with seven imposing gateways forming defensive entrances. Padal Pol the first gate is where Bagh Singh was cut down in the second siege by Bahadur Shah in 1535.
Here it must be remembered that gateways to a fort in Rajasthan were no diminutive ones – they were massive stone structures with reinforced doors to ward off elephants and even cannon shots. The gates of Chittorgarh Fort of Rajasthan in India are of special architectural interest, for it was here that for the first time that defense surpassed décor. The arches are pointed, and the top of the gates are notched parapets from where archers could shoot at their tormentors.
None other than Emperor Akbar dedicates two of the seven gates to Chittor’s brave defenders. Bhairon Pol was where Jaimal fell by the Emperor’s bullet, and Patta died at Ram Pol, the fort’s main gate which was built in 1459. It is crowned by two little chhatris (pavilions), and the roof is supported by a corbeled arch. Each side of the gate consists of a small hall. On returning to Agra Akbar ordered the construction of statues of the valiant warriors to commemorate their deaths. Cenotaphs for both Jaimal and Patta were also built by Rajputs at each gate. A statue of a Rajput warrior on horseback, lance in hand, is Jaimal’s cenotaph, while another colonnaded cenotaph lies nearby, dedicated to Raghudeva of Mewar.
The eastern wall is entered through Suraj Pol (Sun Gate). Hanuman Pol lies before Ganesh Pol, and then come two gates joined together in a peculiar manner. The upper arch of the Jorla (Joined Gate) is connected to the base of Lakshman Pol, a feature never seen anywhere else in India.
Tower of Victory-Vijay Stambh in Chittorgarh of Rajasthan, India
The most imposing monuments in Chittor are the dual towers that stand as a grim reminder of the jaded grandeur of Chittor. Vijaystambha or Victory Tower was erected by Rana Kumbha from 1457-58 after he defeated the combined armies of Malwa and Gujarat. The tower is 122 feet high and its summit spans an area of more than 17 feet. Nine storeys ascend into the sky from the 35 feet broad base on a 42 feet broad platform. Each of the nine storeys has doorways leading into colonnaded balconies. Designed by an architect called Jaita in the Jain revivalist style, the tower is built of quartz and compact limestone abundantly found in Chittor. The colonnaded top storey has a statue of a kanya (young girl) surrounded by gopis (milkmaids) in dancing postures playing various musical instruments. Black marble tablets in this floor contain shlokas (verses) tracing the genealogy of Chittor rulers. However, most of the slabs have been defaced and only one is still in its original condition. The fifth floor contains reliefs of the builders of the tower, and a simple staircase which leads right up to the top connects all the storeys. There are around 157 narrow steps leading to the terrace where the balconies give a beautiful top angle view of the whole town. When illuminated in the evening, the tower reflects a mesmerizing effect and the view is worth capturing in the camera. This tower is the piece-de-resistance of chittaurgarh. It is also referred to as Vishnu Stambha -- "Tower of Vishnu" in other texts.
Tower of Fame - Kirti Stambha in Chittorgarh of Rajasthan, India
The secondary tower in Chittorgarh Fort of Rajasthan in India is the huge Kirti stambha (Tower of Fame) originally dedicated to Adinath, the first Jain saint and adorned by the naked figures of the Digambars [Adherents of the Digambar sect who does not believe in covering the natural body]. 75 feet high and 39 feet wide at the base, the Kirti stambha is also richly decorated with Jain motifs. Similar to Vijay stambha, this tower is also built of quartz, is seven storeys high with a chunkier façade. A number of Jain inscriptions can be found within and outside the tower, dating it to 896AD. A narrow stairway goes through seven stories of the tower to the top. The 22 metre high tower was built by a Bagherwal Jain merchant Jijaji Kathod in 12th century.
Temples of the Chittorgarh Fort in Rajasthan, India
In the western side of the Chittorgarh Fort of Rajasthan in India is an ancient Tulja Bhawani temple in honour of goddess Tulja, held sacred by the scribes of Chittor. Adjacent to this temple is an open courtyard, the tope khana (cannon foundry) of yester years where a few old cannons can still be seen.
Naulakha Bhandar- Treasure Store of Chittorgarh in Rajasthan, India
The Naulakha bhandar (nine lakh treasury) built by Rana Kumbha is a small citadel in itself, and it was here that all the wealth of Chittor was hoarded. The bastion once had lofty walls and towers to guard it, but now lies in ruins. The Naulakha bhandar is also said to have been the residence of Banbir, the usurper.
Shringar Chaori Jain Temple of Chittorgarh in Rajasthan, India
In northeastern corner there is a small domed temple called the Shringar Chaori with detailed carvings of gods and goddesses on the outside. This richly sculpted Jain temple was built into the fort wall in 1448 in honour of Shantinath, a Jain fort maker.
The palace of the Ranas, built by Rana Raimal, is a plain edifice with notched battlements, following the style of original Rajput architecture devoid of any Mughal influence. This palace was the home for the very first rulers of Chittor, or that of the Moris from whom Chittor was seized.
Within the courtyard surrounding the palace is another temple, this one for Devji. Rana Sanga had a special affinity for Devji, and on each of his forays outside Chittor to engage the enemy he would first visit the temple. On a victorious return, Sanga would once again pay homage to the deity.
Mira Bai Temple of Chittorgarh in Rajasthan, India
Two massive temples also lie within the Chittorgarh Fort of Rajasthan in India. One was built by Rana Kumbha and the other by Mira Bai, the saint-poetess and Krishna’s devotee. The masonry for these temples was brought from the ruins of ancient shrines near Chittor. Rana Kumbha’s Vrij temple (1450AD) is dedicated to Varah, the god with the body of a man and the head of a boar. Near these temples are two kunds or reservoirs, each measuring 125 feet in length, 50 feet across and 50 feet deep. However, they were not meant to store water and were constructed for the wedding of a Chittor princess to a prince of Gagron. They were filled with oil and ghee (clarified butter) which was served out to attendants and guests.
Near Mirabai’s temple is the cenotaph of Mirabai’s guru Shri Rai Das. Inside the cenotaph is a statue depicting five human bodies fused together with one head, signifying that there are no caste differences and even outcasts can reach out to god.
Kallika Mata temple of Chittorgarh in Rajasthan, India
Bappa Rawal built the Kallika Mata temple sometime during the 8th century for Surya, the Sun god. Alauddin Khilji destroyed it in the first sack of Chittorgarh Fort, but Rana Hammir rebuilt it as a Kali temple in the 14th century. The temple consists of five chambers, all devoid of their original roofs. The walls of this temple are plain but the cornices are decorated with lotus symbols. The inner sanctum’s walls depict the Sun god Surya in nichés surrounded by consorts and angels. The moon god Chandra is also shown in sculptures in the walls which rise up into a flat ceiling supported by quadrangular pillars, also intricately carved and bracketed at the top. The doorframe of the inner sanctum has four ornamental bands with Surya forming the central theme of its carvings. The entire frame is flanked by an elaborate panel in which are carved figures of deities around a main figure of the sun god. The temple still retains the flavour of the Gupta style of architecture, and an inscription within the edifice informs us that it was built by king Manabhanga.
Kumbhashyama temple of Chittorgarh in Rajasthan, India
The Kumbhashyama temple is similar to the Kallika temple but in is honour of the god Krishna. Built during the region of Rana Kumbha in the Indo-Aryan style, the temple is associated with the mystic poetess Meerabai- an ardent Krishna deovtee. She was the wife of Prince Bhojraj. Simplicity is the main theme, but nichés in the walls are filled with diamonds and carry images of gods and goddesses as well as the eight regents of Chittor. The upper walls are decorated with a frieze of entwined loops. A major part of the temple seems to have been restored, but the inner chamber still retains its originality.
The 16th century Adbhutnath temple demonstrates a style which emerged in the 10th century. Here, images of gods tend to be differently portrayed than in other temples. Heads are almost circular and the statues’ limbs form a tubular shape, making the images look like crude toys. The main image of Mahesha or Lord Shiva is made of wood and is an unrefined depiction of the Destroyer god. His face is flat and two more adjoining faces are turned forward in an obvious display of the lack of dimension.
Brahma Temple of Chittorgarh in Rajasthan, India
Rana Kumbha’s Brahma temple is not really that of the Creator of the Universe, and is in honour of Kumbha’s father, Mukul. Apparently Brahma was never worshipped here, and the temple was only named after him since a bust of Mukul stands in the centre of the solitary chamber. Adjoining this temple is Charbagh, a garden of cenotaphs where the ashes of each one of Chittor’s rulers – from Bappa Rawal to Udai Singh II, the founder of Udaipur – are kept.
Mahasati in Chittorgarh of Rajasthan, India
The Ranas of Chittor were cremated in the Mahasati, a small terrace surrounded by stones marking satis (widows burnt with the bodies of their husbands).
Gaumukh in Chittorgarh of Rajasthan, India
Beyond the Charbagh is Gaumukh, a perennial fountain formed in the mouth of a `cow’. Gaumukh is a deep tank filled by a spring coming from a 'cow mouth', situated at the edge of the cliff. The `cow’ is actually a cleft in a rock face through which water flows out into a reservoir. It is considered to be sacred where you can feed the fishes. Near the Gaumukh is the Rani Bindar tunnel which leads into the subterranean chamber where Rani Padmini committed jauhar during Alauddin Khilji’s siege of Chittor. Within the same complex is the Sammidheshwara temple in which light enters from four different directions. The temple walls are short and take the form of blind balustrades. Small pillars support the roof on the outside while columns support the dome of the inner chamber. This central chamber is largely open on all sides and its columns meet in arches in the upper reaches.
Mohair Margi in Chittorgarh of Rajasthan, India
Mohair Margi is a little hill raised under orders from Akbar during his siege of Chittorgarh Fort of Rajasthan in India in 1567. The Mughal army was engaged to raise a hill as high as the fort walls so that they could fire cannons into Chittor. For this purpose earth was excavated and dumped near the walls. Legend has it that Akbar paid one gold mohur (coin) for each basket of mud since the task meant certain death. Eventually the mound did reach as high as the Chittorgarh Fort walls and Akbar was able to seize Chittor.
Places of Interest around Chittorgarh in Rajasthan, India
The history of Chittaurgarh is, ironically, all about saffron and ash. Facts are stranger than fictions. You might never have heard about a king who burns an entire kingdom just to have a beauty by his side or hundreds of fine-cheeked Rajputs, donned in saffron robes of martyrdom, charging to their deaths or about a virgin lady who sang her nights out for Lord Krishna. Three times in its long history Chittaur was sacked by a stronger enemy, and on each occasion, historians got ample stuff to bedeck their history books and left the scattered traces of glorious history in and around Chittorgarh.
Nagri near Chittorgarh in Rajasthan, India
Nagari is a village situated 18 km north of Chittorgarh in Rajasthan state in India. Nagri was one of the most important townships of the Mauryan era in Rajasthan, situated on the banks of river Bairach. Its ancient name was Madhyamika. It was a flourishing town from the Mauryan period up to Gupta period. The excavations here have unearthed many interesting facts and have showed signs of strong Hindu and Buddhist influence. A large number of punch marked and other old coins have been discovered here.
In the second century BC Nagari was probably attacked by the Greeks who were ruling North-Western of India. As per Patanjali ( 150 BC ) the great grammarian Madhyamika was besieged by a Yavana king in 150 BC.
In the first century BC Nagari was probably occupied by the Sibis. Coins of Sibi tribe found here have the legend ‘majhamikaya sibi-janapadasa’.
Nagari came under the influence of Western Kshatrapas in the second century. In the third century Nagari was ruled by Malavas. Later Huna king conquered it.
One stupa has been discovered at Nagari. It is constructed of moulded bricks and decorated with terracotta tiles of high artistic merit.
Bassi Fort near Chittorgarh in Rajasthan, India
Bassi Fort which glorifies the history of Chundawat clan was built in the 16th Century by Thakur Jaimal of Sisodia dynasty, cousin of Maharana Pratap, the founder of Bassi principality. He was a great warrior who fought many a gallant battles and has numerous brilliant victories to his credit. Six of the ancestors of Rawat Sahib Kesri Singh Ji, the present head of Bassi, Chundawat family laid down their lives defending Mewar and the famous Chittorgarh Fort. It is the citadel where were enacted the immortal episodes of sacrifice and heroism.
Set picturesquely amid hills, the quiet luxury of the palace offers a retreat into an aesthetically beautiful environment. Its towering gates, domes, arches, corridors and Mahals takes one back to the Royal Magnificence of the past and the age of chivalry.
The 16th Century home of the Mewar Nobility has been painstakingly restored preserving its old charm, decor and grandeur with, comfort and ambience that will embrace your senses.
It has 16 well appointed rooms. All the suits/rooms are spacious with Jharokhas, attached with running hot and cold water, dressing rooms and attractively appointed sitting rooms/ areas the period furniture. Landscaped multilevel gardens with waterfall and sprawling lawns are very enchanting.
Wake up to the sounds of humming birds, calling peacocks and enjoy clean and fresh air descending from the Fort on the hill over looking your rooms. If lucky, you may spot peacocks dancing to the rhythm of morning breeze in the palace gardens.
Bassi Wildlife Sanctuary near Chittorgarh in rajasthan, India
A sanctuary near Bassi, covering an area of 50 Sq km with panthers, wild boars, antelopes, mongoose and migratory birds. The Sanctuary is situated 5 kms from the Fort on the western fringes of Vindhyachal Ranges with series of tableland, gentle slopes and vast streches of large lakes, water channels of which penetrate into the forest.
Prior permission has to be obtained from the District Forest Officer, Chittorgarh before visiting the sanctuary. Two very large irrigation dams called Bassi dam and Orai dam are located at a distance of 6 and 8 kms respectively from the Palace and are part of the Bassi Sanctuary. They are situated in the heart of the Wild Life Sanctuary midst the forested hills providing excellent facilities for Bird/Animal watching, boating and Angling round the year.
Hunting Lodge (Audhi) near Chittorgarh in Rajasthan, India
The hunting Lodge set amidst the serene Vindhyachal Ranges over looking the Orai and Bassi Lakes, is the perfect place for the adventure seekers. You can approach the Lodge either through lake by boat or driving through the sanctuary. A large number of Hunting Lodges were constructed in the past in forest for convenience of Royal for hunting and entertaining. They have special features like loopholes for shooting and viewing animals both for gents and parda ladies. This Hunting Lodge is one of the finest Hunting Lodges found in Rajasthan. The terrace of the Hunting Lodge provides a breath taking view of the entire Sanctuary with its tablelands, lakes and forested wilderness.
Hill top Resort of Bassi near Chittorgarh in Rajasthan, India
It is located 6 kms from the Bassi Palace on Udaipur-Chittorgarh-Bundi-Kota National Highway No. 76 on a Hill Top over looking the Bassi Dam and the wildlife Sanctuary providing an eye-catching view of the surrounding area. The resort is an ideal place for peace and nature lovers. Ten minutes drive through the country side will take you to the Hill Top Resort and the Tented Camp over looking the Bassi Lake and the wild life sanctuary. One of the most stimulating ways to enjoy there is to spend an evening by the camp fire. A barbecue and deliciously prepared Rajasthani food quite perfects the evening. Folk songs and tribal dances would well be unforgettable highlights of your visit to the resort. Bassi Village also has several facets of interest like temples, step well cenotaphs The exquisite sculptures; woodcraft, shoemaking, potters and hand made Bidi (local Cigarettes) are very famous.
Sanwariyaji Temple near Chittorgarh in Rajasthan, India
The temple is dedicated to Lord Krishn, situated on the Chittaurgarh - Udaipur highway. This is not a very old structure and is an important Hindu pilgrimage centre. In the town of Mandpiya, Chittor District; an important temple of Sanwariya, a form of God Vishnu. Devotees, even from neighbouring states, visit it. There are adequate accommodation and meal facilities at the temple. This thickly wooded jungle sprawls over the Aravalli ranges and the Malawi plateau with three rivers flowing through the forest. According to legend, Sita, wife of Lord Rama stayed in this jungle in Rishi Valmiki's Ashram after she was exiled by Lord Rama. The Sanwariya ji temple is recently renovated and beautifully built with glasses. The temple is especially famous among Opium Farmers. The temple is also famous due to the huge donation it receives from hundreds of visitors every day. Opium is legally grown in India and exported to the Pharmaceutical industry worldwide to manufacture Morphine-based pain-killers. Rajasthan is the main region for legal opium cultivation in the world and India is the largest legal exporter, with about 58% of the market. Daily buses are available from various surrounding cities like Chittorgarh, Nimbahera, Mandsor etc.
Bhainsrorgarh Wildlife Sanctuary near Chittorgarh in Rajasthan, India
The sanctuary lies in the lush green environs of Bhainsrogarh, invaluable archaeological remains can also be seen here. Bhainsrorgarh itself is a small walled village, and the area around here is unspoilt by mass tourism. Bhainsrorgarh is a great base for exploring the surrounding villages and learning about the local tribal lifestyles. Just 15 minutes drive away, the Baroli Temples are an outstanding example of 8th century Hindi architecture in a peaceful setting. Few tourists come to this part of Rajasthan at the moment, meaning that you can get off the tourist trail and see an unspoilt and peaceful side of India, very different from the hustle and bustle of the big cities. The roads are very rough and you have to be prepared for a very bumpy ride, but this is compensated by the incredible beauty of the region.
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Bijaipur Palace near Chittorgarh in Rajasthan, India
Bijaipur Palace is located about 40 km from Chittorgarh and was build by Rao Shakti Singh, the youngest brother of Maharaja Pratap. It is the major attraction and has now been covered into a hotel. The rural landscape with natural lakes provides a perfect backdrop to view a wide range of India's wildlife and native birds, including a variety of birds of prey, vultures and hornbills. For the serious birdwatcher, full provisions for a comfortable day from sunrise to sunset can be arranged. Adventure tours and safaris are organised by the family offers a rare glimpse into the rich and colourful wild life of India. The great landscape will fascinate you as you jeep your way through the countryside and jungle. The Castle is conveniently located as a best for daytrips to mighty Chittorgarh Fort, Menal Temple and Fall, and Pangarh Lake "The Lotus Lake".Bijaipur is a horse lovers paradise, the stables have quality Marwari horses and one can explore the countryside on horse back.The Vindhyachal Ranges provides the perfect setting for one day ambles to several day treks through farmland, local villages and royal hunting grounds. There is the opportunity to camp en-route and even sleep in the grounds of royal hunting lodges. Treks are designed to meet individual needs and are fully supported to allow trekkers the greatest relaxation and enjoyment possible.
Castle Bijaipur provides the perfect atmosphere and facilities to host small or large yoga and mediation groups seeking a total retreat in surroundings of peace and tranquility. Daily programs can be arranged to include a combination of yoga, mediation and sightseeing. Facilities at Castle Bijaipur include a swimming pool, quiet garden setting, table tennis table and balcony retreats to accommodate all needs. Our organic farm produce,
careful food preparation and choice of menu to suit the group’s needs is a feature of Castle Bijaipur.
Sita Mata Sanctuary near Chittorgarh in Rajasthan, India
This thickly wooded jungle sprawls over the Aravalli ranges and the Malwa plateau with three rivers flowing through the forest. Jakham and Karmoi are the major ones. A huge dam has been constructed over the Jakham river for irrigation, and wild animals in the sanctuary. According to the legend, Sita, wife of Lord Rama stayed in this jungle in Rishi Valmiki's ashram after Lord Rama exiled her. It is the only forest where teak trees of building value are found. The thickly vegetated sanctuary has about 50% teak trees besided salar, tendu, amla, bamboo and bel etc.
The key fauna of the sanctuary are leopard, hyena, jackal, fox, jungle cat, porcupine, spotted dear, wild bear, four horned antelope and nilgai etc. The most important and conspicuous animal of the sanctuary is the flying squirrel, which can be observed gliding between the trees during night, this nocturnal creatures hides in the daylight, the best time to watch the squirrel is in the months of February and March at Arampura Guest House, when most trees shed their leaves making it easier to spot the squirrel.
Deogarh Castle near Chittorgarh in Rajasthan, India
Deogarh is a16th century fort; located 125 km from Chittorgarh near Pratapgarh. It is famous for the palaces with their ornate murals and the Jain temples. As soon as you glimpse the Deogarh Mahal, you can see that its rulers must have been serious players in the Mewar aristocracy, their magnificent fort a fitting stronghold for one of its sixteen “umraos” - the most senior feudal barons attending on the Maharana of Udaipur. Even so, you might not necessarily guess that the Rawats of Deogarh (a local title equivalent to “Raja”) once ruled over the fourth largest jagir in the whole of Rajasthan. At its most extensive, their territory comprised some 210 villages, with one of their defensive forts as far as 100 km away. Yet there is little ostentation and even less gold to be found in their palace. Like most of the Mewar nobility, they spent too much time fighting to have much to spare for amassing great wealth.
Deogarh Fort, the "castle of gods", built around 1670 between Udaipur and Jodhpur, is one of the least known, most remote and most charming of the new hotels. Deogarh Mahal was converted into a hotel by the present owner Rawat Nahar Singh. A part of the Mahal is still occupied by his kin. The family is closely associated with the hotel and personally supervises and monitors the on goings. The care is reflected in the minutest details which have made Deogarh a benchmark of Heritage Hospitality in Rajasthan. Every guest here is special and is treated with the customary Mewari hospitality.
Menal near Chittorgarh in Rajasthan, India
Amidst the natural beauty lies Menal, the coldest town famous for its ancient Shiva temples, picturesque waterfalls and dense forests. Menal is located about 90 km from Chittorgarh on the Bundi-Chittaur road. It is also known as the "Mini Khajuraho" blessed with natures bounty. You can also have a look at the picturesque waterfall, if you happen to visit the place after a good monsoon.
Gotmeshwar near Chittorgarh in Rajasthan, India
Gotmeshwar is about 130 km from Chittorgarh on the Tehsil-Arnod road and is most famous for its ancient temple dedicated to Lord Shiva. The temple is located near a water stream providing a breath taking view of the valley. It is a beautiful picnic spot for locals.
Nathdwara Temple near Chittorgarh in Rajasthan, India
The Shrinathji temple of Nathdwara, dedicated to Lord Krishna belongs to the Vaishnav religion. It is located in Nathdwara, approximately 48km to the north of Udaipur. As thousands of tourists and pilgrims from all parts of the world pass the lofty mountains and serene lakes of Udaipur, it is impossible for them to resist visiting this important pilgrim centre.
The Nathdwara Shrinathji temple of Rajasthan houses a statue of Lord Krishna, sculpted from a single piece of black marble. The statue has one of its arms raised, giving an impression of Lord Krishna holding the Govardhan Mountain. The other arm seems to be giving a blessing as well as holding a dance posture.
Shrinathji represents the form of Krishna, in which he lifted the Govardhana Hill and subdued Indra, the king of Devas who was sending an incessant downpour of rain, causing immense hardship to the cowherds of Gokul. The image of Srinathji is believed to have been a self manifested one. It was originally worshipped in a humble shrine and then moved to a larger temple in its vicinity. Vallabhacharya made arrangements for the worship of this deity and this tradition was continued by his son, Vitthalesh Goswami.
It is believed that Taj Bibi, a wife of Akbar had visited this temple. It was during the 17th century that this image was shifted to Rajasthan. Nathdwara is a place of Hindu pilgrimage; it contains a 17th-century Vaishnavite shrine that is one of the most famous in India. Within the temple is a celebrated image of Lord Krishna, popularly said to date to the 12th century BC.
In Shrinathji temple, worship (puja) is replaced by servitude (seva). The temple priests change the vestments and ornaments of Shrinathji daily with love and reverence. It is believed that he appears to his devotees in many forms: the divine child inspiring parental love, the flute playing good in the forests of Vrindavan luring maidens with the melody of his flute.
The temple has three entrances. The first is through the red door at Chaupati from where the Govardhan worship place can be reached. Surajpol is an entrance excludively for women and leads to Kamal Chowk through Singhpol.
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Bijolia near Chittorgarh in Rajasthan, India
On the Bundi-Chittaurgarh road, in Bhilwara district, is the old fort and city of Bijolia. In ancient times it was known as Vindhyavali. During Chauhan period, it became a famous centre for art and architecture. Several beautiful Shiva temples were constructed by the Chauhan rulers on this place. Between the 11th and 13th century Bijolia was a very important religious center as is evident from the large number of temples that were built here. Of these temples which numbered more than a hundred, most have been ruined by time. On the eastern side of the town near the city wall just three temples have survived and these constitute the prime tourist attractions for those on a Tour to Bijolia. Prominent amongst them is Hajaresvara Mahadeva temple. It has a high linga surrounded by hundreds of small lingas and hence called Hajaresvara or Sahastralinga. The temples of Mahakala and Baijanath are also well known.
The temples at Bijolia have a fair deal of historical value. The inscriptions found in them throw a great deal of light on the history of the land. It is from them that we come to know that Bijolia was initially a part of the kingdom of Mewar and was ruled by a Parmar chief. Towards the close of the 12th century it passed on to the Chauhanas and came to be ruled by Someshwar. The Chauhanas were not just very religious minded, they were also great patrons of art and architecture. Consequently they encouraged the construction of these temples which were not merely places of worship but also fine manifestations of the skills of the craftsmen. The erstwhile small shrines evolved into bigger beautiful temples.
On your Tour to Bijolia make sure to visit the Undeshwar Temple. The most striking character of this temple not shared by very many of the other temples in India is that its lower sanctum is partly under water. The sanctuary of this main temple is covered with a spiraling pagoda. It is elaborately carved and the theme of the carvings is religious. Not just the exterior, the walls, pillars and ceiling of the temple is richly adorned with engravings. Near by Mandakini Kund is a holy water tank.
The Shiva Linga is worshiped here with much reverence to this day. And according to popular legend whoever takes a bath in the tank of the temple built by the Rohila chief Rahil will surely be blessed with children.
The central shikhar of the Ganesha Temple will surely attract your attention. Surrounded by four chattris or pavilions, one each at four corners of the roof, the features of the dome are akin to the ones found in Rajput palaces and forts. Make sure to visit it when on a Tour to Bijolia.
The ruins of a fort are also to be found in Bijolia. More noteworthy are the 5 Jain Temples dedicated to the 23rd Jain Tirthankara Paraswanath. The temples are indeed very impressive examples of Jain architecture. Built way back in the 11th century, they are indeed very remarkable manifestations of the heights scaled by Rajasthani craftsmen. The design of the temples is admirable and so are the engravings on their walls and pillars. Inscriptions in Sanskrit are also found on some of their walls. All of them should be covered on a Tour to Bijolia.
Mandalgarh near Chittorgarh in Rajasthan, India
The Fort of Mandalgarh is considered as the oldest fort in rajasthan. The Fort of Mandalgarh, situated at a distance of 54 Kms from Chittorgarh city, is of historical importance because it was the scene of many a fierce battle during the mediaeval times. To the North-West is a fort about half a mile in length with a low rampart wall and bastions encircling the crest of the hill on which it stands .The fort is said to have been constructed by a chief of the Balnote Clan of Rajputs ( a branch of solankis). The fort houses a temple dedicated to Lord Shiva and other hindu gods. There is also a large pond in the Fort which was the source of water in old times.
Chittorgarh and Jainism in Rajasthan, India
Chittorgarh is ancient center of Jain tradition and a few evidences to support the theory have come to light and are presented for you right here.
Chittor is adjacent to the ancient city of Madhyamika. The Jain inscriptions at Mathura from the Kushana period (1st to the 3rd century) mention a "Majjhimilla" branch of the "Kottiya" gana, indicating that it was a major Jain center.
The famous Acharya Haribhadra Suri (6th cent) was born in Chittor and wrote "Dhurtopakhyana" there.
There was a scholar Elacharya at Chittor from whom Vira-senacharya (9th century) learned the ancient Shat-khandagama and Kashayapahuda. Vira-senacharya later the famous "Dhavala" and "Jayadhavala" on the basis of these books.
Chittor was the residence of Jinavallabha who propagated the Vidhimarga in the 12th century. In the 15-17th century, it was the seat of a Bhattaraka.
Location and Transport of Chittorgarh Fort of Rajasthan in India
Chittorgarh is located in the southern part of the state of Rajasthan, in the northwestern part of India. Chittaurgarh is located at 24.88° N 74.63° E. It has an average elevation of 394 metres (1292 feet). It is located beside a high hill near the Gambheri River. It is 112 km from Udaipur and 182 km from Ajmer. The climate of Chittorgarh is arid. Summers are quite hot (April–June) and winters are cool (October–February). It experiences scant rainfall between June and August.
Chittorgarh is connected by both bus and rail. The bus stand and the railway are located in the new township. Chittorgarh Fort is a massive structure with a 1 kilometre zigzag accent to it. The road leads through seven gates to the main gate Rampol (meaning Gate of Ram). On the climb between the second and third gate you see two Chattris cenotaphs built to honour Jaimull and Kulla heroes of 1568 siege by Emperor Akbar. The main gate of the fort itself is Surajpol (meaning Sun Gate). Within the fort a circular runs around the ruins of the fort.
The majestic Chittorgarh Fort of Rajasthan in India is located 112 km from Udaipur which attracts domestic as well as international tourists owing to a number of historical and religious land marks within the city as well as in the vicinity and hence is very well connected to the major cities of India by road, Air and Rail.
Road: Udaipur falls on the Golden Quadrilateral, lying midway between Delhi and Mumbai on National Highway (NH) 8 and is around 650 km from either metro. The roads in this part of the country are really nice, paved in the middle, and fit for self-driving. One can either drive from Jaipur (around 7 hours) or Ahmedabad (4-5 hours), or take a Rajasthan Tourism bus from India Gate in Delhi.
Air: Dabok airport is 24 km from the city centre. Daily flights connect Udaipur with Jodhpur, Jaipur, Aurangabad, Mumbai and Delhi. The Airport is going through modernization project and soon going to have a new terminal building with additional 4 stands.
Train: Train connectivity is established between Delhi, Jaipur and Ahmedabad through trains run by Indian Railway. Recently Udaipur got connected with Delhi Kota and Mathura with superfast Mewar express on broad gauge line. Udaipur is now also connected with the Kolkatta, by the train "Ananya Express".
Distances of important cities from Udaipur: New Delhi (670 km), Jaipur (406 km), Mumbai (739 km), Ahmedabad (262 km), Jodhpur (275 km), Mount Abu (185 km), Agra (630 km), Chittorgarh (115 km).
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